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NEW LISTEN
• a2+
O que não suporto num restaurante
NEW FILL-IN
• b1
A blusa vai estar impecável
NEW COMPLETION
• b1
Quando a cabeça não para
NEW LISTEN
• b1
A blusa vai estar impecável
NEW FILL-IN
• a2
O relatório pode esperar
NEW ORDERING
• a2
O cabo do monitor
NEW LISTEN
• a2
O relatório pode esperar
NEW FILL-IN
• a2+
A encomenda que nunca mais chegava
NEW LISTEN
• a2+
A encomenda que nunca mais chegava
NEW COMPLETION
• a2+
Os meus avós
NEW FILL-IN
• a2
Sem ginásio, sem problemas
NEW FILL-IN
• b1
Diferente não quer dizer melhor
NEW IDIOM
• b1
Por uma unha negra
NEW LISTEN
• a2
Sem ginásio, sem problemas
NEW COMPLETION
• b1
Carro ou transporte público?
NEW FILL-IN
• a2+
Depois do trabalho
Your Portuguese Learning Library. One Read at a Time.
Built for the hard part of European Portuguese.
Best for learners A2 and up who can read the language but still struggle to follow real speech and sound natural.
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Portuguese Subject Pronouns
I, you, she, he, it, we, they. These are all subject pronouns and you are about to learn what they look like in European Portuguese and a few particular aspects concerning their usage.
6 Persons, 5 Verb Forms
Portuguese verb conjugations comprise 5 verb forms: 3 singular and 2 plural (the 2- and 3-person plural share the same verb form). Take the verb comer (eat) as an example:
| SINGULAR | |||
| 1-person | 2-person | 3-person | |
| PRONOUN | Eu | Tu | Ele, Ela |
| V. FORM | como | comes | come |
| PLURAL | |||
| 1-person | 2-person | 3-person | |
| PRONOUN | Nós | Vocês | Eles, Elas |
| V. FORM | comemos | comem | comem |
It hasn’t always been like that though. Only a couple of generations ago, the 2-person plural had a slightly different pronoun coupled with its own verb form:
| PLURAL | |||
| 1-person | 2-person | 3-person | |
| PRONOUN | Nós | Vós | Eles, Elas |
| V. FORM | comemos | comeis | comem |
Even though vós comeis sounds extremely dated (no one says it these days), a few Portuguese textbooks still teach verb conjugation the old way. So, be mindful of that.
Subject Pronouns: Who Cares?
In practice, we tend to leave subject pronouns out and just say the verb form:
a)
Eu gosto de bacalhau.
I like codfish.
b)
Gosto de bacalhau.
I like codfish.
While a and b above mean the same thing, b is more common.
Addressing People: Formal vs Informal
Another relevant aspect for those learning Portuguese (as spoken in Portugal) is the formal and informal ways of addressing people.
Indeed, in Portugal, people often address each other in the 3-person (formal register) unless they are talking to friends or relatives:
| 2-person (informal) | 3-person (formal) |
| Tu | Você |
| comes | come |
| e.g. Comes aqui? Are you eating here? | e.g. Come aqui? Are you eating here? |
Although textbooks tend to refer você as the formal pronoun (I’m also guilty of that as you see in the table above), the truth is that we don’t use it that often.
Most commonly we don’t use any pronoun at all! Remember, we tend to leave those out and just say the verb form; that’s also the case when we address people formally as illustrated in the example above.
When we do otherwise, we usually say something other than você. Here are a couple of possibilities:
a)
A senhora come aqui?
(b)
A Isabel come aqui?
(Addressing someone by their name.)
Both the examples above sound very formal (more so than just saying the verb in the 3-person).
Portuguese Is Itless
In English, there’s the pronoun it to refer to things or objects.
a)
This orange tastes so good!
b)
It tastes so good!
Portuguese on the other hand is itless: there’s no it-equivalent to be found!
So, how do we replace “the orange” when there’s no it? Well, we skip it altogether and just say the verb (in this case saber) in the 3-person:
a)
Esta laranja sabe tão bem!
b)
Sabe tão bem!
Another example:
a)
Esta casa custa uma fortuna.
This house costs a fortune.
b)
Custa uma fortuna.
It costs a fortune.
Real European Portuguese is harder than the textbook
If you can read Portuguese but real speech is still hard to follow, Portuguesepedia is built for that gap. A deep library of real EP audio, organized by level and topic, with AI-powered practice built in.
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