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Portuguese “Last” and “Next” Time Expressions (Weeks, Months, Years)
Most Portuguese learners are well acquainted with hoje, ontem and amanhã, but get stuck when they need to say “last” and “next”…
Using ir + gerund to express gradual change in European Portuguese
Many learners assume the gerund is only used in Brazilian Portuguese. That is not true. In European Portuguese, the gerund exists, but…
How Portuguese Sounds Formal Without Saying você
Learners of Portuguese are often taught a simple rule: tu is informal, você is formal. While this is technically correct, it does…
Talking About the Past in Portuguese with ir: A Pretérito Perfeito Shortcut
When you start talking about the past in Portuguese, you quickly run into a practical problem: you want to describe lots of…
Regular Verb Conjugation in the Pretérito Perfeito in Portuguese
The Pretérito Perfeito is the past tense used to talk about completed actions in the past. It is used for actions that…
Top Portuguese Irregular Verbs in the Past Tense (Pretérito Perfeito)
The pretérito perfeito is used to describe completed actions in the past. Many of the most common Portuguese verbs are irregular in…
Understanding the /e/ and /ɛ/ vowel sounds in European Portuguese
In European Portuguese, the vowel e can represent several different sounds, depending on position and stress. This article does not cover all…
Expressing Probability and Uncertainty in European Portuguese
When talking about events that are not certain, European Portuguese offers several common expressions to convey probability or uncertainty. These expressions do…
How to talk about actions happening right now in European Portuguese
When you want to describe something that is happening at this exact moment in European Portuguese, you use a very specific and…
Pretérito Perfeito vs. Pretérito Imperfeito in European Portuguese
One of the most persistent difficulties for learners of Portuguese is knowing when to use the pretérito perfeito and when to use…
Ir vs Vir in European Portuguese: Understanding the Difference
Understanding the difference between ir and vir is essential for expressing movement accurately in European Portuguese. These two verbs are closely related,…
The Plural of Portuguese Words Ending In L
Portuguese nouns and adjectives ending in the letter l form the plural according to a small set of regular patterns. The key…
The Other Meaning of ‘Sempre’ in Portuguese Questions
Learners usually meet sempre in its most common sense: a toda a hora, constantemente. In this meaning, it describes actions that happen…
When the Portuguese vowel ‘o’ Changes Sound in Masculine and Feminine Adjectives
In European Portuguese, the vowel o has two common stressed pronunciations: the relatively closed /o/ and the more open Although both…
When the Letter e Sounds Like /ɨ/ in European Portuguese
European Portuguese contains several closed vowels, and the sound /ɨ/ is one of the most characteristic. It is extremely common in everyday…
Using Cardinal Directions and Prepositions to Describe Geographic Location in Portuguese
Understanding how to describe geographic location is essential for clear communication in Portuguese. When referring to cities, regions, or relative positions within…
Using ’em’ for Countries, Cities, and Regions in Portuguese
Understanding how the preposition em works with geographical names is essential for clear and natural Portuguese. Depending on whether we are talking…
Ir vs Andar: Understanding the Difference in Portuguese
Learners of Portuguese often find ir and andar confusing, especially when both seem to describe movement. While they can sometimes overlap in…