If you’re learning Portuguese, you might be confused about when to use tão and tanto. While both are essential for intensifying the meanings of other words, they function differently.
👉 Tão is used to intensify adjectives and adverbs.
👉 Tanto is used to intensify verbs and also quantifies nouns (agreeing in gender and number).
In short, tão means “so” (as in so beautiful → tão bonito), while tanto means “so much” or “so many” (as in so many books → tantos livros).
Let’s explore these differences in detail with examples! Read on.
Tão
Tão is a modifier (an adverb of degree), and it is invariable. It is the Portuguese equivalent of so in English.
We place tão before adjectives and adverbs to intensify them. It also gives the sentence an element of surprise or excitement.
💡Adjectives vs Adverbs
Do you still remember the difference between adjectives and adverbs? Adjectives are words that modify and describe nouns, such as ‘pretty,’ ‘silly,’ ‘red,’ ‘boring,’ ‘slow,’ ‘tall,’ etc.
Adverbs are words (or phrases) that modify and qualify adjectives, verbs, or other adverbs, expressing relations of place, time, circumstance, manner, cause, and degree, such as ‘quickly,’ ‘fast,’ ‘everywhere,’ ‘early,’ ‘enough,’ etc.
Tão before adjectives
Take the following sentence:
Ele é giro.
He’s cute.
And now the same sentence with tão preceding and intensifying the adjective giro:
Ele é tão giro!
He’s so cute!
Tão before adverbs
The same applies to adverbs. Take the following sentence:
Tu conduzes depressa.
You drive fast.
And now the same sentence with tão preceding and intensifying the adverb depressa:
Tu conduzes tão depressa!
You drive so fast!
Tanto
Tanto can be placed after a verb (as an adverb) or before a noun (as a quantifier).
In the first case, tanto is invariable; in the second, it agrees with the gender and number of the noun it refers to.
Tanto after verbs – adverb (invariable)
After a verb, tanto is invariable and acts as a modifier intensifying the verb it refers back to (much like tão does to adjectives and adverbs).
Accordingly, tanto is equivalent to so much in English (even this much or that much):
Não devias beber tanto.
You shouldn’t be drinking so much.
Tanto before nouns – quantifier (variable)
Placed before a noun, tanto acts as a quantifier. In this case, tanto is variable and agrees with the gender and number of the noun it refers to:
| Masc. | Fem. | English Equivalent | |
| Singular | tanto | tanta | so much (uncountable nouns) |
| Plural | tantos | tantas | so many (countable nouns) |
🔎 Learn more about gender and number in Portuguese.
Uncountable nouns – tanto, tanta
The quantifiers tanto/tanta agree with the noun in gender and correspond to so much, that is, they apply to uncountable nouns (things that cannot be counted):
Comes tanto pão! (o pão)
You eat so much bread!
Ela tem tanta paciência! (a paciência)
She’s got so much patience!
Countable nouns – tantos, tantas
The quantifiers tantos/tantas also agree with the noun in gender, but they correspond to so many, that is, they apply to countable nouns (things that can be counted):
Porque compraste tantas batatas? (as batatas)
Why did you buy so many potatoes?
Tantos carros! (os carros)
So many cars!
💡 Quantifier vs. Pronoun
We use tanto/tanta/tantos/tantos as pronouns (indefinite) when the nouns they refer to are implicit:
Ui, tanto?! (pão)
Gosh, so much?! (bread)
Porque compraste tantas? (batatas)
Why did you buy so many? (potatoes)
